Factors related to infertility in Brazil and their relationship with success rates after assisted reproduction treatment: an integrative review.

This integrative review evaluated the most commonly diagnosed causes of infertility in men and women in Brazil, as well as the medically assisted reproduction technologies regularly employed in these cases. We searched in four electronic databases (PubMed, including Medline; Scopus; Web of Science and LILACS), and two grey literature (Google Scholar and OpenGrey), guided by the focused question: "What are the main factors responsible for male and female infertility in Brazil, and what are its relationships with success rates after assisted reproduction treatment?". We included interventional or observational studies, without limitation by language or year of publication. Our searches in the electronic indexers recovered 1,119 articles, and after analyzing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 articles composed the body of analysis for this review. We grouped the studies into four themes: factors responsible for male and female infertility, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) used in the infertility treatment, assisted reproduction procedures, and clinical predictors of success rates in ART. Despite the scarcity of studies analyzing the association between infertility and assisted reproductive technologies in Brazil, it was possible to infer that the most prevalent infertility cause in women was endometriosis, while in men it was azoospermia. The most widely assisted reproductive technology applied in the country is the intracytoplasmic injection of spermatozoa (ICSI), ensuring better success rates in the treatment of infertility for men and women.

The Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery Lung Cancer Cooperative Group-II registry. A descriptive study.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The seventh edition of the TNM classification, together with undeniable advantages, has limitations. The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) Staging Committee has designed an international prospective study to improve this classification. A group of thoracic surgeons and pulmonologists was established in the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) Oncology area, and created a registry of new lung cancer (LC) cases to participate in this project. The aim of this paper is to describe the main characteristics of the patients included. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective, observational, multicentre, multiregional data collection (epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and, especially, anatomical extension) study, according to the IASLC protocol, to analyse its prognostic value. RESULTS: Two thousand, four hundred and nineteen patients (83.6% men) from 28 hospitals were included. Ninety-six percent of the men and 54% of the women were smokers or ex-smokers. Chest/abdominal computed tomography (CT) scanning was performed in over 90% and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scanning in 51.5% of cases. Among the 1035 patients who underwent surgery, 77% had early stages (ia to iib), and 61.6% of those treated using other methods had stage iv. Respiratory comorbidity was higher in men (47.9% versus 21.4%). The most common histological subtype was adenocarcinoma (34%), especially in non-smoking women (69.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of women and adenocarcinomas, as well as those resected at an early stage, increased among LC cases in Spain.

Estudio de prevalencia de la infección por Helicobacter Pylori en una población de Montevideo / Prevalence study of Helicobacter infection in a Montevideo population

El objetivo del trabajo, fue conocer la prevalencia de la infección por HP en una población no seleccionada de Montevideo. Se determinó la presencia de inmunoglobulinas lgG dirigidas contra proteínas de la pared del HP. Se consideraron la edad y el nivel socioeconómico. Se estudiaron 720 sueros, 360 de pacientes de instituciones públicas y 360 de privadas. Se dividieron en 6 grupos etarios, 30 hombres y 30 mujeres cada uno. Se utilizó una técnica inmunoenzimática (Enzignost HP IgG Behring). Hubo seropositividad en 330 individuos (46 por ciento), 55 por ciento en instituciones públicas y 37 por ciento en privadas, con mayor diferencia en los grupos jóvenes (18 por ciento y 2 por ciento). Aumentó de 1O por ciento en menores de 9 años a 63 por ciento en mayores de 60 por ciento. La bibliografía muestra 30 por ciento de infección en países desarrollados y 80 por ciento en subdesarrollados, aumentando con la edad y el medio socioeconómico bajo. La prevalencia en Montevideo es intermedia manteniendo las mismas características